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1.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 17(2): 291-296, Apr-Jun/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-746131

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Estudou-se o efeito de extratos aquosos de inhame (0; 5; 10; e 20% p/p) e de mastruz (0; 2; 4; 6; 8 e 10% p/p) na biologia da lagarta-do-cartucho. Secções de folhas de milho foram mergulhadas por 30 segundos em soluções de cada concentração; após a secagem, colocou-se em cada secção uma lagarta recém-eclodida. Foram avaliadas a viabilidade e a duração das fases larval e pupal, peso e comprimento das lagartas e pupas. Em relação ao extrato de inhame, a concentração de 20% causou maior influência na fase larval, sendo a viabilidade reduzida para 12%, com duração de 7 dias, diferindo da testemunha com 17 dias. O extrato da mesma planta a 10% causou 48% de mortalidade. Em todas as concentrações esse extrato também afetou a fase de pupa; na testemunha, 85% das pupas foram viáveis, enquanto nos demais tratamentos a viabilidade não excedeu a 25%. Para o peso e comprimento das lagartas, os resultados não foram significativos. Para o mastruz, o extrato a 20% causou influência na fase larval com baixa viabilidade e mortalidade logo nos primeiros seis dias de avaliação. Outras concentrações de mastruz não deferiram entre si nas fases larval e pupal. Verificou-se que a alimentação das lagartas com folhas tratadas com mastruz diminuiu o peso das pupas.


ABSTRACT: The effect of aqueous extracts of yam (0, 5, 10, and 20% h/h) and chenopodium (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% h/h) on the biology of fall armyworm was studied. Sections of maize leaves were dipped for 30 seconds in solutions of each concentration; after the section dried, a recently hatched caterpillar was placed onto each treated section. The viability and duration of the larval and pupal stages and the weight and length of the caterpillars and pupae were evaluated. For yam, the extract at 20% concentration caused the greatest influence on the larval stage of the insect, significantly reducing larval viability to 12%, with 7 day larval stage duration, differing from the control at 17 days. The extract of the same plant at 10% caused 48% larval mortality. At all concentrations, that extract also affected the pupal stage; in the control, pupal viability was 85%, whereas for the other concentrations the viability did not exceed 25%. No significant differences were observed for the weight and length of caterpillars. For chenopodium, the extract at 20% concentration caused influence on the larval stage, as it showed the lowest viability, causing mortality in six days. Other chenopodium concentrations did not show differences for the larval and pupal stages. Feeding caterpillars with leaves treated with the extract of chenopodium decreased pupal weight.


Subject(s)
Spodoptera/growth & development , Chenopodium ambrosioides/anatomy & histology , Colocasia/metabolism , Pest Control/methods , Biological Control Agents/analysis
2.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 13(3): 297-304, mayo 2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-768856

ABSTRACT

Different concentrations of essential oil obtained from Acantholippia deserticola (Phil.ex F. Phil.) Moldenke were assessed against Chilean agricultural pests like Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell), Brevipalpus chilensis Baker, and Tetranychus urticae Koch. Thebioassays were carried out under laboratory conditions and both direct and residual applications were done through Potter precision spraytower test. The oil was obtained by steam distillation containing a rich fraction of alpha and beta-thujones (88.4 percent) and it shows marked toxic effects against pests. Indeed, a mortality of 82 percent and 89 percent was observed in both B. chilensis and T. urticae after 48 h whereas in A. floccosus over 97 percent of mortality was seen after 7 days. These results open the possibility to use essential oil from Acantholippia deserticola as natural pesticide.


Se evaluó el efecto a diferentes concentraciones de una solución de aceite esencial de Acantholippia deserticola sobre plagas agrícolas en Chile, tales como Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell), Brevipalpus chilensis Baker y Tetranychus urticae Koch. Los bioensayos fueron realizados mediante una torre de Potter en condiciones de laboratorio y las aplicaciones fueron directas y residuales. El aceite se obtuvo por hidrodestilación, el cual contenía una gran cantidad de alfa and beta-tuyonas (88.4 por ciento), mostrando marcados efectos tóxicos para A. floccosus, con un 97 por ciento de mortalidad después de 7 d y, para B. chilensis, y T. urticae, con una mortalidad de 82 por ciento y 89 por ciento respectivamente, después de 48 h. Estos resultados abren la posibilidad de usar aceite esencial de Acantholippia deserticola como pesticida natural.


Subject(s)
Mites , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Hemiptera , Pesticides/pharmacology , Verbenaceae/chemistry , Agriculture , Biological Assay , Monoterpenes/pharmacology , Pest Control, Biological , Toxicity Tests
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